麝香及其代用品人工麝香质量评价方法研究进展

麝香为珍稀名贵中药材之一，有很高的药用价值和经济价值，其质量攸关临床用药的安全性和有效性。目前，野生麝香极为稀缺，价格昂贵，掺伪严重，大部分中成药只能以人工麝香代用，家养麝活体取香发展迅速，因而高效的质量评价方法对于保证麝香及其代用品质量至关重要。本文对近年有关麝香质量评价文献进行了分析、归纳和整理，以期为麝香质量评价提供参考。红外光谱、电子鼻、气相色谱、高效液相色谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、原子吸收光谱、分子生物学鉴定及生物活性评价等现代分析技术已广泛用于麝香的质量评价，麝香及其代用品的质量评价方法已由常规的性状、显微、理化鉴别及单一指标成分含量测定，向多指标活性成分含量测定、化学指纹图谱、分子生物学、生物活性检测等综合性评价方法发展。随着家养麝规模的快速扩张，不同品种、产地、饲养条件、生长年限、采收时间等生产过程控制因素对麝香质量的影响有待系统研究。

Musk is a rare and expensive traditional Chinese medicine,which has high medicinal and economic values.Its quality is related to the clinical safety and efficacy.Currently,wild musk was extremely scarce,expensive and adulterated seriously.Most Chinese medicines could only use artificial musk,and domestic musk deer living developed rapidly.Efficient quality evaluation methods are important for quality assurance of musk and its alternative.Relevant literature of musk quality evaluation in recent years were analyzed and summarized in this paper,so as to provide a reference for quality assessment of musk.IR,electronic nose,gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,atomic absorption spectroscopy,molecular identification and biological activity evaluation had been widely used for quality assessment of musk.Quality evaluation method of musk and its alternative had developed from conventional traits discrimination,microscopic,physical and chemical identification and single component assay to multi-index active ingredients assay,chemical fingerprint,molecular biology and biological activity testing.With the rapid expansion of the size of domestic musk deer scale,the influence of different control factors such as different varieties,origin,feeding conditions,growth time,harvest time and other factors on the quality of musk should be studied systematically.

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