色谱联用技术在药物分析中的应用特点和新趋势

色谱联用技术是将色谱分离装置与各种检测装置通过接口技术连接后而成的一种新型的仪器分析技术。随着药物分析学科及生命科学、精准医药学的发展,色谱联用技术对药物的检测分析,逐渐在疾病诊断治疗过程控制中凸显出更加重要的作用。本文查阅近年色谱联用技术的相关文献,从气相色谱、液相色谱、毛细管电泳的分离,与质谱、核磁共振检测分析相结合等方面,梳理联用技术在药物分析中的应用特点及最新的发展趋势。气相色谱-质谱联用技术从应用于小分子、热稳定、易挥发药物的分析,向药物代谢组学和生物标记物分析方向发展;多维气相色谱联用技术在分析复杂基质样品方面愈加具有优势;液相色谱-质谱联用技术从应用于极性、热不稳定等药物的分析向单克隆抗体、生物类似药和疾病相关生物标记物的分析方向发展;色谱串联质谱联用技术已应用于新生儿遗传性疾病的筛选、药物代谢途径及生物样品中难于辨别的痕量组分和代谢产物等分析;液相色谱电喷雾质谱联用开创了生物质谱新领域,更适于多肽、蛋白质等生物大分子药物的分析;液相色谱-核磁共振联用技术实现了代谢组学复杂成分同步分析;毛细管电泳-质谱联用技术在疾病治疗与代谢生物标记物分析等方面显露出了良好的应用前景。

Chromatographic hyphenated techniques are novel analytical techniques,which are connected with both chromatographic separation device and various detection device by the interface technology.With the continuous development of pharmaceutical analysis,life sciences and precision medicine,the chromatographic hyphenated techniques now are playing an increasingly important role in the field of drug therapy and disease diagnosis.By referring to related literatures in recent years,from the gas chromatography,liquid chromatography,capillary electrophoresis to their combined application with mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance,we summarized the latest trend and basic application characteristics of chromatographic hyphenated techniques in the pharmaceutical analysis.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is applicable to the analysis of small molecular weight,thermal stability,volatile compounds,and it has also been used in metabonomics and biomarker analysis.Multidimensional gas chromatography is more advantageous in analyzing samples with complex matrix.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is applicable to the analysis of polarity,thermal instability,low volatile compounds,and it has also been used in monoclonal antibody,biosimilar analysis and disease related biomarkers analysis.Coupling to tandem mass spectrometry was used for hereditary diseases screening in neonatal,drug metabolism pathway and analysis of trace components and metabolites in biological samples.Electrospray mass spectrometry brings a new area of biological mass spectrometry,and hyphenated technique can be applied to analyzing biological macromolecules such as peptides and proteins.Liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance can be used in implementation synchronization analysis of metabonomics complex ingredients.Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry has a good prospect in the field of disease related biomarkers analysis.