栀子果皮和种仁中有效成分分布规律研究

目的： 探究栀子果皮和种仁中有效成分的分布特征，旨在阐述中医传统上将栀皮和栀仁分用的科学内涵。 方法： 建立HPLC-PAD法同时测定栀子果皮和种仁中4类有效组分，7个成分的含量。色谱柱：依利特ODS-C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm）；流动相：0.1%甲酸水（A）-乙腈（B），梯度洗脱（0～15 min，5% B→7%B；15～45 min，7%B→20% B；45～75 min，20%B→50%B；75→80 min，50%B→100%B）；流速：1.0 mL·min^-1；检测波长：240、254、330、440 nm；柱温：30℃，同时以7个有效成分含量为指标，对栀子果皮和种仁建立了主成分评价模型。 结果： 栀皮和栀仁中主要活性成分的分布是有一定特征规律的：环烯醚萜苷类的代表性成分京尼平苷酸、京尼平龙胆二糖苷、栀子苷和二萜色素类的代表性成分西红花苷Ⅰ和西红花苷Ⅱ主要富集于栀仁中，有机酸类和黄酮类的代表性成分绿原酸和芦丁主要分布在栀皮中。 结论： 本研究所建立的分析方法能够方便、快速、准确地检测栀皮、栀仁内在化学成分，同时主成分分析法可对栀皮、栀仁进行较好归类；栀子中果皮和种仁中各类成分分布规律与其临床药效有一定相关性，由此为传统上栀皮、栀仁分用的合理性提供科学依据。

Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of the main effective constituents in different parts (peel and seeds) of Fructus Gardeniae,so as to reveal the scientific connotation for the peel and seeds of Fructus Gardeniae used separately in traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detector (PAD) using an Elite ODS-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was established.The mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid water and acetonitrile was used in a gradient elution mode as follows:0 min→15 min→45 min→75 min→80 min,acetonitrile 5%→7%→20%→50%→100%.The analysis was done at a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1, the column temperature was 30℃,and the detection wavelength was selected at 240,254,330,440 nm,respectively. Results: The distributions of the main active components in peel and seeds of Fructus Gardenia had certain characteristics:the representative ingredients of iridoid glycosides and pigments,geniposidic acid,genipin-1-β-gentiobioside,geniposide,crocin 1 and crocin I were mainly concentrated in the seeds of Fructus Gardeniae,while the representative ingredients of organic acids and flavonoids (chlorogenic acid and rutin) were mainly distributed in the peel of Fructus Gardeniae. Conclusion: The analysis method established in this study is convenient,fast and accurate for simultaneous determination of seven bioactive components in the peel and seeds of Fructus Gardeniae;the principal component analysis method (PCA) is successfully applied to obtain a better classification for peel and seeds of Fructus Gardeniae from different origins.There is a correlation between the distribution regularity of components in the peel and seeds of Gardenia and their clinical efficacy,which provide scientific reference for the rationality of the traditional separate administration of the peel and seeds of Fructus Gardeniae.