滑石粉与石棉的微形态及元素构成的SEM/EDS微区分析

目的: 进行滑石粉中主要元素的分析研究,并对滑石粉和石棉进行微形态分析。 方法: 利用扫描电子显微镜/X-射线能谱仪(Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer)对滑石粉中元素组成进行了测定,计算它们的相对重量百分比,并进行滑石粉和石棉的微形态分析。 结果: 滑石粉中主要元素为Mg、Si,还有少量的Fe、Ca、Al等元素;石棉中也含有Mg、Si元素,但比例组成与滑石粉的比例组成不同。滑石粉中Si和Mg,二者相对重量百分比约为(1.3~1.7):1,温石棉样品中二者比约为0.6:1。滑石粉的微区形态为致密块状或鳞片状,石棉的微区形态为长纤维状。 结论: 不同产地滑石粉中主要元素Mg、Si的比例基本相同。山东产的药用滑石粉中检出少量的Ca,而广西产的药用滑石粉中检出少量的Fe和Al,说明滑石粉中伴生元素的种类有地域特征;工业用滑石粉中均伴生有Ca、Fe和Mg。微形态分析能够直观区分滑石粉和石棉,为检测滑石粉中的石棉成分提供了新方法、新思路。

Objective: To analyze the main elements and research micromorphology of Talci pulvis and asbestos. Method: The surface chemistry components of Talci pulvis and asbestos and their main elements contents were determined by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS).The micromorphologies of Talci pulvis and asbestos were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). Results: The main elements were Mg and Si.The trace elements were Fe,Ca and Al in Talci pulvis and asbestos.The percentage content ratio of the Si and Mg was (1.3-1.7):1 in Talci pulvis,and the percentage content ratio of Si and Mg was 0.6:1 in asbestos.The micromorphology of Talci pulvis was dense bulk or scale,but the micromorphology of asbestos was long fibers. Conclusion: The percentage content ratios of the main elements were constant in Talci pulvis of different habitat.Micromorphology analysis could different asbestos fromTalci pulvis.

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