青蒿精油化学组成及其生态类型相关性研究

目的: 研究重庆永川、湖南湘潭、山东招远3个不同产地野生青蒿精油的化学组成;探讨青蒿精油化学组成及其生态类型的关系。 方法: 水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,GC-MS法分析精油的化学组成。 结果: 从3个产地的青蒿精油中分别鉴定出44,50,39个化合物,占精油总量的85.58%,82.33%,94.83%;3个产地的青蒿精油含有19化合物相同,其中蒿酮(11.32%,0.10%,57.48%)、樟脑(10.05%,8.20%,2.43%)、石竹烯(14.83%,6.26%,3.55%)和大根香叶烯-D(13.44%,6.14%,2.07%)的相对含量差别明显。 结论: 实验结果证实山东招远青蒿属于观赏类型,湖南湘潭青蒿属于混合类型;而重庆永川青蒿属于混合类型和富青蒿素类型之间的过渡类型,更趋向于后者。

Objective: To explore the relationship between the essential oil constituents and the ecotype of Artemisia annua L., and investigate the essential oil of wild-growing A. annua collected from Yongchuan county in Chongqing, Xiangtan city in Hunan and Zhaoyuan city in Shandong of China. Methods: The essential oil of A. annua from three habitat was extracted with steam distillation method. The chemical compositions of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS technique. Results: Forty-four, fifty and thirty-nine compounds in oils of A. annua from three habitat were identified, they were added to 85.58%, 82.33% and 94.83% of total oils, respectively. There were nineteen same compounds in oils of A. annua from three habitat. The content of artemisia ketone(11.32%, 0.10%, 57.48%), camphor(10.05%, 8.20%, 2.43%), caryophyllene(14.83%, 6.26%, 3.55%) and germacrene D(13.44%, 6.14%, 2.07%) had greatly difference among these compounds. Conclusion: The present work indicated that A. annua collected Zhaoyuan city in Shandong and Xiangtan city in Hunan of China belongs to ornamental types and hybrid types, respectively. That A. annua from Yongchuan county in Chongqing of China shares hybrid types and artemisinin-rich types, but it is more close to the later.