生山楂和炒山楂中5-羟甲基糠醛含量的差异及与色泽的相关性

目的： 探讨生山楂和炒山楂的色泽和其中5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）含量的差异，并分析其中的相关性。方法： 收集市售生山楂和炒山楂样品；人眼观察色泽；烘干法测定水分；高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定5-HMF的含量；色差仪测定色度值并计算色差值；双变量相关性分析进行数据分析。结果： 生山楂呈棕色，5-HMF的含量为25.43~180.5 μg·g^-1，炒山楂呈棕褐色，5-HMF的含量为188.3~3 103 μg·g^-1，说明山楂炒制后显著加深了色泽，5-HMF的含量也显著升高。相关性分析结果显示，生山楂中5-HMF的含量与水分及L^*、a^*、b^*、ΔE^*值的相关性均不显著，但是炒山楂中5-HMF的含量与水分及L^*、b^*、ΔE^*值呈极显著相关（P<0.01）。结论： 炒山楂比生山楂色泽要深，5-HMF的含量也显著的高。炒山楂的色泽、水分与5-HMF含量存在极显著相关性，系首次报道。生山楂与炒山楂的区别点在于前者的L^*值大于58，ΔE^*值小于40，5-HMF含量低于185.0 μg·g^-1，而后者恰恰完全相反，构成了生品与炮制品山楂在色泽和化学成分含量方面的差异。

Objective: To explore the difference between the color and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)content of raw and stir-baked Crataegi Fructus(CF)and analyze the correlation between them.Methods: Commercial raw and stir-baked CF samples were collected.The color was observed by human eyes.The water content was determined by oven-drying method.The content of 5-HMF was determined by HPLC method.The chroma value and color difference were determined and calculated by a colorimeter.The correlations were analyzed by bivariate correlation analysis.Results: The color of raw and stir-baked CF was brown and greyish-brown,respectively.The 5-HMF content was 25.43-180.5 μg·g^-1 and 188.3-3 103 μg·g^-1,respectively.It showed that the color of CF became deeper and the 5-HMF content increased obviously after stir-baking.There was no significant correlation between 5-HMF content and any one of the water contents and the L^*,a^*,b^*,& ΔE^* values of raw CF.But extremely significant correlations(P<0.01)were observed between the 5-HMF content and the water content and the L^*,b^*,& ΔE^* values of stir-baked CF.Conclusion: Both the color and the 5-HMF content of stir-baked CF are deeper and higher than those of raw CF,respectively.It is the first report that the correlations between 5-HMF content and both color and the water content are extremely significant.The differences between raw and stir-baked CF are that the L^* value should higher than 58 and the ΔE^* value and 5-HMF content should lower than 40 and 185.0 μg·g^-1 respectively for the former.And those of the latter are just the opposite.

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