初加工方式对槐米黄酮含量和抗氧化能力的影响

目的：探索初加工方式对槐米黄酮含量和抗氧化能力的影响，为其生产提供理论依据和技术指导。方法：以新鲜槐米为试验材料，采用二因素裂区设计，主区为槐米干燥前蒸汽杀青和干燥前不杀青2种方式，副区为晒干、105℃烘干和微波干燥3种干燥方式，考察总黄酮、芦丁、槲皮素、染料木素、山奈酚、异鼠李素等质量标志物含量以及1，1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼、羟自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率、脂质过氧化抑制率等抗氧化能力。结果：干燥前蒸汽杀青和干燥前不杀青2种方式下晒干、105℃烘干和微波干燥处理对槐米组分含量及抗氧化能力影响显著；如果以总黄酮为主要目标，在槐米干燥前进行蒸汽杀青或不杀青均可，根据实际条件选择晒干、105℃烘干和微波干燥3种干燥方式中的任意1种即可；如果以芦丁为主要目标，应在槐米干燥前进行蒸汽杀青处理，杀青后选择105℃烘干或微波干燥任意1种方式干燥即可；如果以槲皮素、染料木素、山奈酚和异鼠李素组分主要目标，应在槐米干燥前不进行蒸汽杀青，直接在105℃下烘干为佳。如果综合考虑所有组分和抗氧化能力以及槐米当前主要用途，应在槐米干燥前进行蒸汽杀青处理，杀青后在105℃下烘干。结论：在槐米干燥前进行蒸汽杀青处理、杀青后在105℃下烘干比传统晒干方式节省了反复晒晾管理的劳动成本，节约了建设晒场的成本，增加了能源消耗，但提高了初加工效率，提升了槐米品质，克服了阴雨天气给种植农户或基地带来的经济损失；本方式的烘烤设备价格适中，利于推广应用。

Objective:To explore the effects of primary processing method on the quality and antioxidant capacity of Flos Sophorae Immaturus(FSI)in order to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for its production. Methods:The influence of sun-dried,105 dried and microwave dried of steam filming were investigated before it was dried and not filming two style on the quality and antioxidant capacity of FSI. Total flavonoids,rutin,quercetin,genistein,kaempferol,and isorhamnetin were identified as the main anti-oxidative substances in FSI,and the content of them was measured,respectively. The antioxidant capacity of FSI was determined by DPPH,hydroxyl radicals scavenging capacity,superoxide anion radicals scavenging capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation capacity,respectively. Results:After the test was determined as follows:if the total flavonoids as the main target,should steam filming or not filming before it was dried,sun-drying,105℃ drying or microwave drying,with actual conditions to choose one style;if the rutin as the main target,should choose the way of the steam filming and 105℃ drying or microwave drying;if quercetin,genistein,kaempferol and isorhamnetin the components such as the main target,should choose not filming and 105 drying style. Conclusion:According to the main application,total components and antioxidant activity should choose the way of steam filming before it is dried and 105 drying. This way is more economic and reduce the processing cost.

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