“刷型”手性固定相在D-氨基酸分析中的应用

氨基酸是组成蛋白质的基本单元，在人体及动物生命活动中起着举足轻重的作用。光学纯氨基酸是合成多肽和内酰胺类抗生素等药物的重要中间体，在药物合成、新材料开发、食品添加剂和精细化学品的研发等方面都具有巨大的应用价值。近年来，D-氨基酸的重要生理机能（作为疾病标志物等）研究已逐渐成为作用于神经及内分泌系统的新型药物开发或疾病新诊断方法研发等领域的热点。但是在生物样品中往往存在大量的L-氨基酸，不利于体内微量D-氨基酸的分析研究，因此开发有效的氨基酸手性拆分方法意义重大。在常见的手性拆分方法中，手性固定相（CSP）色谱法因具有准确、快速及固定相选择范围宽等特点，现已在液相色谱等领域得到了广泛应用。以氨基酸及金鸡纳类等为手性选择剂的“刷型”手性固定相是D-氨基酸液相色谱分析中非常重要的一类手性固定相，同时也是手性液相色谱领域使用量大，适用面广，对手性识别机理揭示较深的一类固定相。它的识别是基于手性分子和固定相之间的氢键作用、π-π作用、偶极堆积作用等实现的。针对近年来“刷型”手性固定相的快速发展，本文详尽地介绍了目前常用的Sumichiral OA 型、金鸡纳类（奎尼丁或者奎宁）等手性固定相在D-氨基酸分离分析中的应用情况。

Amino acids are important structural units of proteins,which play indispensable roles in human and animal physiological activities. Optically pure amino acids are used as intermediates or additives in several industries,such as pharmaceuticals,food,agriculture etc.. Recently,the physiological and pathological importance of D-amino acids have been well understood,which provides useful hints for the development of drugs and functional foods. However,due to the fact that L-amino acids always exist in large amounts in most biological samples from mammalians,the analysis of the trace D-forms,is very difficult. Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a sensitive,rapid and highly efficient enantioselective strategy for the analysis of D-amino acids in biological samples. Currently,chiral liquid chromatography is the mainstream analytical approach for analyzing D-amino acids. Various chiral stationary phases(CSPs)have been widely used for the enantioseparation of amino acids. Among these CSPs,the cinchona and amino acid-functionalized brush-type CSPs have become popular because of their excellent enantioselectivity toward various kinds of N-derivatized amino acids. The enantio-recognition mechanism of Brush-type CSPs toward amino acids is based on the hydrogen bonding,π-π interaction,dipole stacking interaction between molecules and CSPs. This article reviews various of commonly used Sumichiral OA type and cinchona type CSPs and their applications in the analysis of D-amino acids.

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