核酸适配子在小分子检测中的应用

核酸适配子是利用配体指数级富集系统进化技术从单链寡核苷酸文库中筛选出的与靶物质有高亲和力和特异性的寡核苷酸, 它已成为小分子化合物研究的有效工具, 在分析化学领域逐渐成为人们研究的热点。当前已筛选了许多小分子物质特异性适配子, 并基于适配子开发了一系列小分子物质检测系统。本文主要对SELEX 筛选流程、小分子物质核酸适配子筛选特征与方法以及以核酸适配子为基础开发的电化学法、荧光法、胶体金比色法、酶联适配子免疫法等在小分子物质检测中的应用进行了综述。

Oligonucleotide aptamers, which have high affinity and specificity binding to target molecules, were selected from the single stranded oligonucleotide library by systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The serve as one of the hot spots in the analytical chemistry research field and have become an effective analysis tool for the small molecules. Based on specific aptamers binding small molecules, various detection systems have been developed. This paper mainly reviewed the recent progress in screening process of SELEX, selection characteristics and methods for small molecules aptamers, the application in the detection of small molecules by electrochemical method, fluorescence method, colloidal gold assay and enzyme linked aptamer assay based on aptamers, etc.