龙胆炮制前后化学成分变化的比较研究

目的: 研究龙胆炮制前后无机成分与有机成分的含量变化及其相关性,为进一步讨论龙胆药材的炮制方法与其功效的相关性提供科学依据。方法: 采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、超高效液相色谱串联质谱联用法测定生龙胆药材及其炮制后无机成分[硼(B)、钡(Ba)、钙(Ca)、钴(Co)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锂(Li)、镁(Mg)、钠(Na)、镍(Ni)、锶(Sr)、锌(Zn)]与有机成分(当药苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷和马钱苷酸)含量。结果: 生龙胆炮制后B、Li、Mg、Na、Ni和Sr均有不同程度升高,有害元素Cr和Zn含量有降低趋势。当药苷含量高低依次为生龙胆> 酒龙胆> 龙胆对照品> 醋龙胆> 盐龙胆,龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、马钱苷酸含量高低依次为生龙胆> 龙胆对照品> 酒龙胆> 醋龙胆> 盐龙胆。相关性分析表明4种有机成分含量与无机元素,特别是含量升高的元素具有显著相关关系。结论: 初加工和炮制后龙胆化学成分含量发生明显变化,且其有机成分与无机成分间具有一定相关性。

Objective: To provide the basic data for discussing the correlation between the processing method and the efficacy of Longdan by analyzing the changes in contents of inorganic components and organic components before and after the preparing process of Longdan. Methods: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)after microwave digestion was used to determine the inorganic components[boron(B),barium(Ba),calcium(Ca),cobalt(Co),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),lithium(Li);magnesium(Mg),sodium(Na),nickel(Ni),strontium(Sr),zinc(Zn)],and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used to determine the organic components(sweroside,gentiopicroside,swertiamarin and loganic acid)in crude Longdan and its processed products. Results: The contents of toxic elements(Cr and Zn)were reduced,while contents of most of the other elements were all increased after processing.The sequence of sweroside level in Longdan and its processed products was as follows: crude sample> wine-processed> reference control> vinegar-processed> salt water-processed products,while the levels of gentiopicroside,swertiamarin and loganic acid in Longdan followed in the order: crude sample> reference control> wine-processed> vinegar-processed> salt water-processed products.The correlation analysis of chemical components indicated that there was significant relationship between contents of the four organic components and the inorganic components,especially inorganic components of increased contents. Conclusion: There were noticeable changes in the contents of chemical components in processed samples compared with Longdan without processing,and there was great relevance between inorganic components and organic components.