纳米银的毒理学研究现状

随着纳米技术的飞速发展，各种商业化纳米材料产品纷纷上市，与人体接触的机会也越来越多。含纳米银的产品种类、应用范围也在不断增加。纳米银具有优良的抗菌杀菌效果，其产品的生物安全性如何尚无定论。本文将结合作者及其课题组近几年的科研成果和国内外最新研究发现，从哺乳动物细胞体外毒性、哺乳动物体内毒性、非哺乳类动物的毒性以及遗传毒性和致癌性几个方面对纳米银的毒理学研究现状以及纳米银可能的毒性作用机制作一介绍。

Nanotechnology has been expanding rapidly in recent years.In this context,the number of commercial products comprising nanomaterials is increasing.Among the commercially available nano-sized materials,silver nanoparticles are by far the most frequently used nanocompounds owing to its special antimicrobial activity.However, there is an increasing concern related to the biological safety of the use of silver nanoparticles on a large scale.In this review,we present the new discoveries in the toxicity of silver nanoparticles from the viewpoint of in vitro cytotoxicity to mammalian,in vivo toxicity to mammalian animals,toxicity to non-mammalian animals,as well as genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.The possible mechanisms of silver nanoparticle-induced toxicity are also discussed.