目的: 通过长期毒性试验,观察呋喃妥因对SD大鼠所发生的各种毒性反应,以评价呋喃妥因的安全性。方法: SD大鼠60只,雌雄各半,随机分为5组(空白对照组、呋喃妥因小剂量组、呋喃妥因大剂量组、二乙酯组、呋喃西林组),每组12只,灌胃给药3周内分别检测体重、食量、尿量、血液学指标、血液生化指标、脏器系数及脏器组织病理。结果: 大鼠体重、食量、尿量、血液学12项指标均无显著性差异,血液生化指标中血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和血尿素氮(BUN)均升高,总胆固醇(T-CHO)降低(P<0.05),呋喃妥因大剂量组血液学指标中网织红细胞计数(RC)和凝血酶原时间(PT)升高(P<0.05),血液生化指标中AST(P<0.05)和BUN(P<0.01)显著升高,白蛋白(ALB)显著降低,呋喃西林组各指标均无明显影响,二乙酯组血液生化学指标AST和BUN升高,ALB显著降低,各组大鼠的各脏器系数与对照组比均无显著性差异,病理组织学检查显示呋喃妥因大剂量组大鼠的心肌细胞轻度肥大,肾小球滤过膜有轻度损伤,肾近曲小管上皮细胞肿胀,二乙酯组对肾小球滤过膜及肾小管上皮细胞有明显损伤。结论: 呋喃妥因大剂量有溶血作用,对肾、肝、心有不利作用,呋喃西林对大鼠各指标无影响,二乙酯对肾和肝有损伤作用。
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