多指标综合评判巴中产栀子的采收期和生长期

目的:探索巴中产栀子的最佳采收期和生长期。方法:以HPLC-ELSD法测定巴中产栀子主要有效成分栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ、熊果酸含量,并采用 t 检验和 Z-分综合评价法分析数据;测定栀子苷采用Kromasil C₁₈键合硅胶柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(10:90),流速1 mL·min^-1,检测波长238 nm;测定西红花苷Ⅰ采用Dionex C₁₈键合硅胶柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水(45:55),流速1 mL·min^-1,检测波长440 nm;测定熊果酸采用XDB C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-水(81:19)为流动相,流速1 mL·min^-1,柱温30℃,采用蒸发光散射检测器,漂移管温度60℃。结果:t 检验结果表明:巴中产30年生栀子西红花苷Ⅰ含量为红果(成熟期)＞黄果(近成熟期)＞绿果(未成熟期);栀子苷含量为绿果＞黄果＞红果;熊果酸含量为绿果＞红果＞黄果;30年生栀子红果中栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ和熊果酸含量均显著高于3年生红果。结论:以栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ、熊果酸多指标综合考察巴中产栀子的适宜采收期、生长期,对保证栀子的品质很有意义,也为后续研究提供了依据。

Objective:To explore the optimal harvesting and growing period of Fructus Gardeniae in Bazhong; Methods:HPLC method was used to determine the contents of geniposide, crocinⅠ, and ursolic acid. The data were analyzed by adopting t-test and Z score multi-index test. The content determination of geniposide was carried out on a Kromasil C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(10:90) at a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1, the UV detection wavelength was set at 238 nm. The content determination of crocinⅠ was carried out on a Dionex C₁₈(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) column with mobile phase of methanol-water(45:55) at a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1 and UV detection wavelength at 440 nm. The content determination of ursolic acid was carried out on a XDB C₁₈ (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) heated to 25℃ in the column compartment. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (81:19) at a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1, and drift tube of ELSD was heated to 60℃. Results:Results of t- test showed that content of crocinⅠ was increased from green fruit(non-maturity) to red fruit(maturity) of 30-year-old Fructus Gardeniae;content of geniposide was decreased from green fruit to red fruit;content of ursolic acid was the highest in green fruit while it was the lowest in yellow fruit;the contents of geniposide, crocinⅠ, ursolic acid of 30-year-old red fruit were significantly higher than those of 3-year-old one. Conclusions:It is of great significance to optimal the harvesting and growing period by investigation of geniposide, crocinⅠ, and ursolic acid, which not only can ensure the quality of Fructus Gardenia from Bazhong, but also will provide an important basis for the follow-up research.