超临界CO₂萃取紫苏叶挥发油及其成分分析

目的: 采用超临界流体萃取技术提取紫苏叶挥发油,并用GC-MS对挥发油进行化学成分分析。 方法: 通过单因素实验和正交实验法确定超临界CO₂流体萃取紫苏叶挥发油的最佳条件,考察萃取压力、温度、动态萃取时间及CO₂流量对挥发油得率的影响;利用GC-MS分析最佳萃取条件下所得挥发油的化学成分,面积归一化法测定其百分含量。 结果: 紫苏叶超临界CO₂萃取最佳条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,温度35 ℃,萃取时间150 min,CO₂流量10 kg·h^-1;挥发油的得率3.2%,从中鉴定出了16个化合物,其含量占出峰物质总量的97.68%。 结论: 紫苏叶挥发油中富含醚、萜类化合物、酯、酮和醇等组分。

Objective: To extract volatile oil of Perilla frutescens leaves by supercritical CO₂ fluid, and then analyze the chemical components of volatile oil by GC-MS. Methods: Single factor and orthogonal design were applied for optimization of supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction conditions extracting volatile oils of Perilla frutescens leaves. The effects of extraction pressure, extraction temperation, extraction time and carbon dioxide flow rate on the yield were investigated. The components and their contents in the volatile oils were analyzed by GC-MS. Results: The optimum extraction conditions for the leaves of Perilla frutescens were found as following: extraction pressure 20 MPa, extraction temperature 35 ℃, extraction time 150 min, carbon dioxide flow rate 10 kg·h^-1. The extraction efficiency of volatile oil was 3.2%, and 16 ingredients were identified that composed of 97.68% of the total volatile oil. Conclusion: There are abundant of ether, terpenoid, ester, ketone and acohol in the vo1atile oil extracted from the leaves of Perilla frutescens.