桃仁与山桃仁化学成分比较研究

目的： 研究同一药材不同基原桃仁和山桃仁之间化学成分的差异。方法： 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用（UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）及气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）的技术手段以探讨桃仁与山桃仁之间的化学成分差异。结果： 不同产地多个样品测定结果显示，桃仁和山桃仁之间的化学成分在种类上未发现不同，但在相对含量上存在一定的差异。十二烷酸、十四烷酸、十六碳烯酸、棕榈酸、十七烷酸、亚油酸、油酸、二十烷酸、扁桃酸酰胺-β-龙胆二糖苷、扁桃酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、苄基-β-龙胆二糖苷、苦杏仁苷、野黑樱苷、Prupersin B这些成分间存在显著差异，此差异主要体现在药材成分的含量上，桃仁中十二烷酸等饱和脂肪酸及扁桃酸酰胺-β-龙胆二糖苷、扁桃酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、野黑樱苷、Prupersin B含量显著高于山桃仁；而十六碳烯酸等不饱和脂肪酸及苄基-β-龙胆二糖苷、苦杏仁苷在山桃仁中的含量显著高于桃仁。结论： 虽然桃仁与山桃仁在2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》中同为桃仁药材，但它们除在外观性状上存在差异外，在脂肪酸类、氰苷类等化学成分上也存在差异。本研究为它们的质量控制与临床应用提供了参考。

Objective: To study the difference in chemical composition of Prunus persica seeds and Prunus davidiana seeds with different origin. Methods: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)were used to explore the chemical composition differences between Prunus persica seeds and Prunus davidiana seeds. Results: The results of multiple samples from different habitats showed that the chemical composition of Prunus persica seeds and Prunus davidiana seeds did not differ in categories,but there were some differences in relative contents. Contents of dodecanoic acid,myristic acid,hexadecenoic acid,palmitic acid,heptadecanoic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid,decanoic acid,mandelic acid amide-β-gentiobioside,mandelic acid-β-D-glucopyranoside,benzyl-β-gentiobioside,amygdalin,prunasin,and prupersin B showed significant difference. Contents of saturated fatty acids such as lauronic acid,mandelic acid amide-β-gentiobioside,mandelic acid-β-D-glucopyranoside,prunasin and prupersin B in Prunus persica seeds were significantly higher than those in Prunus davidiana seeds. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids such as hexadecenoic acid,benzyl-β-gentiobioside and amygdalin in Prunus davidiana seeds were significantly higher than those in Prunus persica seeds. Conclusion: Although Prunus persica seeds and Prunus davidiana seeds are the same medicinal materials in ChP 2015,their differences existed in appearance traits and chemical components such as fatty acids and cyanide. This study provides a reference for their quality evaluation and clinical application.

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