灵芝提取物中多糖质量控制方法初探

目的：探讨灵芝提取物中多糖质量控制方法的建立。方法：3批灵芝提取物通过水提醇沉后，得到灵芝粗多糖。采用三氟乙酸进行全水解，以1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）衍生化后，采用HPLC法于250 nm波长处检测单糖组成及含量。采用Shodex HQ 806+804+803凝胶渗透色谱柱串联，示差折光检测器-多角度激光散射（RI-MALLS）联用技术测定灵芝多糖重均相对分子质量（M_w）。结果：3批灵芝提取物多糖主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖及葡萄糖醛酸组成，其中葡萄糖含量最高。MALLS测定结果显示，灵芝多糖主要呈现出2个峰，3批次样品峰1的M_w分别为1.2×10⁶、4.6×10⁶、4.1×10⁶，峰2的M_w分别为3.2×10⁴、4.6×10⁴、4.0×10⁴。结论：本文对灵芝提取物中多糖的单糖组成及M_w进行初步研究，为建立灵芝提取物中多糖的质量控制方法提供技术参考。

Objective:To establish the quality standard for polysaccharide in Ganoderma lucidum extracts.Methods:The polysaccharides from 3 Ganoderma lucidum extracts were extracted with hot water,followed by precipitating with ethanol.The samples were first hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid,and then derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP).The content of monosaccharide was determined by HPLC at 250 nm.The Shodex HQ 806+804+803 gel permeation chromatographic column was used,and the weight average relative molecular mass(M_w)of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide was determined by differential refraction detector and multi angle laser scattering (RI-MALLS).Results:The polysaccharide of 3 Ganoderma lucidum extracts were composed of mannose(Man),glucose(Glc),galactose(Gal) and Glucuronic acid(Glc A)and the content of Glc was the highest.The M_w of polysaccharide determined by MALLS showed two main peaks.The M_w of peak 1 in 3 samples was 1.2×10⁶,4.6×10⁶ and 4.1×10⁶ and the M_w of peak 2 was 3.2×10⁴,4.6×10⁴ and 4.0×10⁴,respectively.Conclusion:The monosaccharide composition and M_w of polysaccharide in Ganoderma lucidum extracts were studied,and this research can offer reference for quality control of polysaccharide in Ganoderma lucidum extracts.