栽培唐古特大黄中多糖和蒽醌含量的动态变化研究

目的：以青海省3个不同地区栽培的唐古特大黄药材为实验材料，测定根中大黄多糖和蒽醌含量，比较多糖和蒽醌含量年际和月际的变化特征。方法：测定多糖含量采用硫酸比色法，对照品为0.102 0 mg·mL^-1 D-无水葡萄糖标准溶液，5%苯酚溶液显色，490 nm波长处紫外分光光度仪下测定吸收度。测定蒽醌含量采用高效液相色谱法，色谱柱为Eclipse plus C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm、5 μm），流动相A为甲醇，流动相B为0.1%乙酸溶液，梯度洗脱，检测波长254 nm。结果： （1）湟中县群加乡、湟源县东峡乡2~9年生的大黄多糖含量呈现出“M”型的变化趋势，西宁市廿里铺镇3~7年生的大黄多糖含量呈现出“V”型的变化趋势； （2） 5年生的湟中县群加乡、西宁市廿里铺镇、湟源县东峡乡栽培唐古特大黄5~11月的大黄多糖含量呈现出“W”型的变化趋势； （3）湟中县群加乡、湟源县东峡乡2~9年生的大黄蒽醌含量呈现出“N”型的变化趋势，西宁市廿里铺镇3~7年生的大黄多糖含量呈现出倒“V”型的变化趋势； （4） 5年生的湟中县群加乡、西宁市廿里铺镇、湟源县东峡乡栽培唐古特大黄5~11月的大黄蒽醌含量呈现出三峰变化趋势。结论：地理位置及生境条件（土壤有机质、海拔、经纬度）不同的种植地，唐古特大黄药材多糖和蒽醌含量随植物的生长发育时期节律波动（包含生长期和繁殖期的年际变化和5~11月的月际变化），且表现出基本一致的动态变化规律。

Objective:To determine annual and monthly change of the content of polysaccharides and anthraquinones in root of Rheum tanguticum from 3 habitats in Qinghai Province.Methods:Polysaccharides were determined at 490 nm by phenol-sulfuric acid method with 0.102 0 mg·mL^-1 D-glucose solution as standard.Anthraquinones were determined by HPLC with Eclipse plus C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)as the column and methanol-0.1% acetic acid as the mobile phase with gradient elution.The detection wavelength was 254 nm.Results:The results showed that: (1) The annual change of polysaccharides presented "M"-shaped in samples from Qunjia and Dongxia (2-9 years)and "V"- shaped in samples from Ershilipu (3-7 years); (2) The monthly change of polysaccharides presented "W"-shaped in samples from three habitats; (3) The annual change of anthraquinones presented "N"-shaped in samples from Qunjia,Dongxia (2-9 years)and presented "V"- shaped in samples from Ershilipu (3-7 years); (4) The monthly change of anthraquinones presented three peaks in samples from three habitats.Conclusion:Polysaccharides and anthraquinones in cultivated Rheum tanguticum in different habitats and environments (including soil organic matter,elevation,latitude and longitude)fluctuated by plant growth and development rhythm.Annual changes during the growing season and the breeding season and monthly changes during May to November of the above two kinds of components were similar.