生物医用纳米材料的遗传毒性及其致毒机制研究进展

纳米材料在生物医药领域中的用途越来越广泛。近年来研究结果提示，纳米材料可通过直接与DNA或染色体作用或借助氧化应激效应诱导DNA损伤、染色体畸变和细胞周期紊乱，而纳米颗粒的尺寸、形状和表面修饰的差异则决定了其潜在遗传毒性的强弱。本文以常见医药用纳米材料纳米银和氧化铁纳米颗粒为例，就遗传毒性的类型、遗传毒性机制以及影响因素等方面的研究进展进行综述，为生物医用纳米材料的安全性评价及开发提供参考。

Nano materials have demonstrated broad-spectrum application in bio-pharmaceutical areas.Recent studies have suggested that the nano materials can introduce DNA breakage,chromosome aberration and cell cycle arrest by acting on the DNA or chromosome directly or through oxidative stress indirectly,and the size,shape and surface modifications of nanoparticles are the core determinants of their potential genotoxicity effects.This review summarized and elucidated the types,underlying mechanisms and influence factors of genotoxicities triggered by commonly used medicinal materials nanoparticles,nanosilver and iron oxide nanoparticles;therefore it should provide reference for the safety evaluation and development of biomedical nano materials.