林下山参与园参中腺苷和人参皂苷含量比较分析

目的: 探索不同生长年限林下山参和园参中腺苷和主要人参皂苷类成分的差异,探讨评价林下山参和园参质量的理化指标。 方法: 以9~14年生的林下山参和3~6年生的园参为材料:用15%甲醇超声提取,采用反相高效液相色谱法分析研究其中腺苷含量差异,色谱柱为YMC C₁₈(150 mm×6.0 mm,5 μm)柱,流动相为甲醇-水(10∶ 90),流速 0.7 mL·min^-1,检测波长260 nm,柱温45 ℃;用甲醇回流提取,反相高效液相色谱法分析研究其中的人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rd 6个成分进行含量测定,色谱柱为YMC C₁₈(150 mm×6.0 mm,5 μm)柱,流动相为乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.5 mL·min^-1,检测波长203 nm,柱温30 ℃。 结果: 建立了人参中腺苷的检测方法并测得不同生长年限林下山参和园参中腺苷含量为0.170~0.582 mg·g^-1;优化了人参中主要人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rd的检测方法,而且还测得不同生长年限林下山参和园参中这6个皂苷的含量为15.18~54.74 mg·g^-1。 结论: 园参中腺苷含量明显高于林下山参,不同年生的园参中腺苷含量除3年生的含量较高外,其余的无显著差异;不同年生的林下山参中腺苷含量随年龄的增长而降低,林下山参与园参中腺苷含量存在极显著差异。6个人参皂苷总量在林下山参和园参中的含量都随年龄的增长而增高,除9年生的林下山参稍低外,其余的林下山参皂苷含量均高于园参。

Objective: To study the difference content of adenosine and main ginsenosides between different years semi-wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng,search for and estimate the quality control standard of semi-wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng. Methods: Adenosine were extracted in methanol(15%) placed into an ultrasonic bath and the difference of its content between 9-14 years semi-wild ginseng grown in Qinghe and 3-6 years cultivated ginseng grown in Zuojia were studied using RP-HPLC,YMC C₁₈(150 mm×6.0 mm,5 μm) column was adopted,the mobile phase was methanol-water(10∶ 90) at the flow rate of 0.7 mL·min^-1,the detection wavelength was 260 nm,and the column temperature was 45 ℃.Ginsenosides were extracted with methanol and the contents of the major ginsenosides Rg₁,Re,Rb₁,Rc,Rb₂ and Rd were quantified using RP-HPLC,YMC C₁₈(150 mm×6.0 mm,5 μm) column was adopted,the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.5 mL·min^-1,the detection wavelength was 203 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Results: An HPLC method for determining the content of adenosine in ginseng was established,and the method for ginsenosides analysis in ginseng have been improved.In semi-wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng with different age,the content of adenosine was 0.170-0.582 mg·g^-1,and the content of 6 main ginsenosides (Rg₁,Re,Rb₁,Rc,Rb₂,Rd) was 15.18-54.74 mg·g^-1. Conclusion: The adenosine contents of cultivated ginseng are apparently higher than semi-wild ginseng.Except for the 3 years cultivated ginseng has relatively high adenosine content;the adenosine contents of different ages cultivated ginseng has no significant differences.With the growth of age,the adenosine contents of semi-wild ginseng are decreasing,the adenosine contents of semi-wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng have significant differences.In present study,with the growth of age the total contents of six ginsenosides both of semi-wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng were increasing,except that of 9 years semi-wild ginseng are lower,others total contents in semi-wild ginseng are all higher than that of cultivated ginseng.